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Italian campaigners call for housewives to be paid a salary
Lawyer Giulia Bongiorno says wage would give women who work in the home dignity and economic independence
If you happen to be one of the stars of the reality television franchise The Real Housewives, you can expect to receive hundreds of thousands of dollars as payment for every season of dirty laundry washed in public.
If, however, you are an actual housewife and your daily chores are done quietly behind closed doors, chances are your efforts go unremunerated.
But a prominent pair of campaigners in Italy, a country with an estimated 5 million casalinghe (housewives), a moribund jobs market and a lingering patriarchal culture, this week threw their weight behind an eye-catching proposal they say would boost equality and fight domestic abuse: a salary for women working in the home.
The proposal, which comes as the prime minister, Matteo Renzi, prepares to publish a reform package targeting Italy's record unemployment, has been criticised as retrograde, unworkable and potentially counterproductive by some critics.
But it has, in some quarters at least, refocused debate on what the eurozone's third-largest but arguably most sluggish economy could do to combat gender stereotypes and boost a female employment rate that is the EU's second lowest.
Giulia Bongiorno, a lawyer and former centre-right MP, and the television presenter Michelle Hunziker have advocated the housewives' allowance. Bongiorno said the proposal was born out of Doppia Difesa, the domestic abuse charity they founded in 2007.
There, they saw that many victims of domestic violence were not reporting their abuse to the police for want of an alternative lifestyle that was economically viable. "We have [in Italy] many women who die inside household walls because they do not have economic independence," said Bongiorno.
But, she added, the allowance being proposed was not just for abuse victims but for all housewives, and the small number of their male equivalents, "in recognition of the work's social dignity" and economic importance.
"I want to destroy this great prejudice that says: 'I am the one who earns; you have nothing,'" she said, adding that women who chose to work at home should be rewarded, not humiliated. "They must not be considered B-list citizens," she said.
The proposal envisages a monthly allowance being paid to the home worker either by the Italian state or, in households with a "significant income", by their spouse or partner. Bongiorno says she knows this last point will prove the most controversial.
It is not the only element to do so, however. Soon after the plan was publicly mooted, commentators began to express alarm at its implications. "Bongiorno and Hunziker propose a housewives' salary to 'reduce discrimination'. I am strongly against this. There is only one way of doing so: WORK," wrote journalist Giulia Innocenzi on Facebook.
"Why not spend the money set aside for a hypothetical housewives' salary on nurseries and incentives for female employment, and thus try to remove Italy from the embarrassing last places of classifications for the number of women who work?"
According to Eurostat, just 46.2% of women in Italy were in employment in the third quarter of last year – a level lower than all other EU countries except Greece. The EU average was 59%. Bongiorno, who is best-known in the anglophone world as the defence lawyer of Raffaele Sollecito in the Meredith Kercher murder trial, was, as an MP, a chief backer of Italy's 2009 law against stalking.
"In the past, when I proposed the anti-stalking law, I was hit by insults. They were saying: 'You, you want to punish people in love.' Now they are saying: 'You, you don't want women to work any more,'" she said.
"I am the first to say that nurseries and work are fundamental but there is also a social value in the work carried out in the family. We must not cancel it out."
For many, though, the idea just doesn't wash. Daniela Del Boca, professor of economics at the University of Turin, said that, although "theoretically fair", the allowance would be "a terrible disincentive to look for a job".
"And the impact of women working is incredibly important – for the income of the family, for their own independence, for the message that they send to their children, especially to their daughters, that working is important and fundamental to independence," she said.
The kind of financial independence that Bongiorno and Hunziker were advocating, she added, was achieved "by doing something that does not take you outside the home but relegates you to a role which is by definition subordinated".
Its proponents argue that, by providing a financial reward for those of either sex who choose to stay at home to perform household functions, the allowance could help combat the idea that such work is a purely female realm.
But Del Boca says that, in a country with such entrenched cultural expectations, this is unrealistic. You only have to look at the "very, very low number" – only 6.9% in 2011 – of fathers who choose to take full paternity leave, she said, to see how deeply engrained traditional gender roles remain.
"You could say: give [money] to everyone who provides care work. Which would be good," she said. "But not in this country. Not in this moment in which there is so much crisis and, already, discrimination."
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The post Anti-Semitic Greek Doctor Released, Sentence Suspended appeared first on The National Herald.
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Ancient Egyptian Soldier's Letter Deciphered After 1,800 Years
A newly deciphered letter home dating back around 1,800 years reveals the pleas of a young Egyptian soldier named Aurelius Polion who was serving, probably as a volunteer, in a Roman legion in Europe.
In the letter, written mainly in Greek, Polion tells his family that he is desperate to hear from them and that he is going to request leave to make the long journey home to see them.
Addressed to his mother (a bread seller), sister and brother, part of it reads: "I pray that you are in good health night and day, and I always make obeisance before all the gods on your behalf. I do not cease writing to you, but you do not have me in mind," it reads. [In Photos: Gladiators of the Roman Empire]
"I am worried about you because although you received letters from me often, you never wrote back to me so that I may know how you ..." (Part of the letter hasn't survived.)
Dating back about 1,800 years, this letter was written, mainly in Greek, by Aurelius Polion, an Egyptian man who served with the legio II Adiutrix legion around modern-day Hungary. In the letter, discovered more than a century ago in the Egyptian town of Tebunis and only recently translated, Polion pleads with his family to respond.
Polion says he has written six letters to his family without response, suggesting some sort of family tensions.
"While away in Pannonia I sent (letters) to you, but you treat me so as a stranger," he writes. "I shall obtain leave from the consular (commander), and I shall come to you so that you may know that I am your brother …"
Found in an ancient Egyptian town
The letter was found outside a temple in the Egyptian town of Tebtunis more than a century ago by an archaeological expedition led by Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt. They found numerous papyri in the town and did not have time to translate all of them.
Recently Grant Adamson, a doctoral candidate at Rice University, took up the task of translating the papyrus, using infrared images of it, a technology that makes part of the text more legible. His translation was published recently in the Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists.
Adamson isn't sure if the soldier's family responded to his pleas, or if Polion got leave to see them (it's unlikely), but it appears this letter did arrive home.
"I tend to think so. The letter was addressed to and mentions Egyptians, and it was found outside the temple of the Roman-period town of Tebtunis in the Fayyum not far from the Nile River," Adamson wrote in an email to Live Science.
Polion, who lived at a time when the Roman Empire controlled Egypt, was part of the legio II Adiutrix legion stationed in Pannonia Inferior (around modern-day Hungary)
He may have volunteered for the pay and food legions got. However, that doesn't mean Polion knew that he was going to be posted so far away from home.
"He may have volunteered and left Egypt without knowing where he would be assigned," writes Adamson in the journal article. According to the translation, Polion sent the letter to a military veteran who could forward it to his family.
A recently deciphered papyrus revealing a soldier's letter home was found at Tebtunis, an ancient town in Egypt. It was discovered along with many other papyri over a century ago by archaeologists Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt, but had not been translated until now. This image shows remains of the ancient settlement of Tebtunis as it appeared in 2003.
An ancient soldier, a modern problem
The situation seen in this letter, a young man serving as a volunteer in a military unit far away from home, facing tensions with his family and seeking leave to see them sounds like something that happens in modern-day armed forces.
Although soldiers today have an easier time communicating and traveling back home (Polion would have had to travel for a month or more to reach Tebtunis from his posting in Europe), there are some themes that connect both ancient and modern soldiers, Adamson said.
"I think that some aspects of military service belong to a common experience across ancient and modern civilizations — part of our human experience in general really. Things like worry and homesickness."
The letter is now in the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley.
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TOP STORIES FROM EUROPE AT 1200 GMT
UKRAINE
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UKRAINE-OLIGARCHS-TO-THE-RESCUE
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INTERNATIONAL-COURT-CONGO
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GREECE-GERMANY
ATHENS, Greece — German President Joachim Gauck is to visit a village in northwestern Greece Friday where German troops massacred dozens of villagers during World War II, as part of a three-day visit to the country combining talks with politicians with efforts to bring closure to the wounds from the German wartime occupation of Greece. Anti-German sentiment has increased in Greece in recent years, as Germany has been one of the most ardent proponents of austerity measures imposed in return for billions of euros in rescue loans. Germany is the largest single contributor to Greece's bailout. SENT: 350 words.
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GOSPORT, England — Two lines of trenches face off across No Man's Land. A soldier marches, rifle in hand, along a ditch. These are instantly familiar images of World War I — but this is Britain, a century on and an English Channel away from the battlefields of the Western Front. This overgrown and oddly corrugated patch of heathland on England's south coast was once a practice battlefield, complete with trenches, weapons and barbed wire. Thousands of troops trained here to take on the German army. After the 1918 victory — which cost 1 million Britons their lives — the site was forgotten, until it was recently rediscovered by a local official with an interest in military history. By Jill Lawless. SENT: 800 words, photos.
EURO
LONDON — The euro has hit its highest level against the dollar for nearly two and a half years in the wake of the European Central Bank's decision not to cut interest rates further. Up 0.3 percent on Friday at $1.3917, the euro is at its highest level since it struck $1.4170 in October 2011. Europe's single currency has been steadily rising since the summer of 2012, when ECB President Mario Draghi said he would do "whatever it takes" to save the euro. SENT: 130 words.
News Topics: General news, Euro, Government and politics, Currency markets, Referendums, Crime, Legislature, Financial markets, Business, ElectionsPeople, Places and Companies: Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Fethullah Gulen, Joachim Gauck, Mario Draghi, Turkey, Germany, Ukraine, Europe, Greece, Russia, United Kingdom, Middle East, Western Europe, Eastern Europe
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German Media Comment on Gauck's Visit to Greece
Here's What You Should Really Be Eating For Breakfast
While the benefits of eating breakfast are well-known — it can prevent weight gain, boost short-term memory, lower the risk of type 2 diabetes, and even make us happier — most of those health rewards depend on choosing the right foods.
"In general, a healthy breakfast contains protein, fruits, whole grains, or vegetables," says Ruth Frechman, MA, RDN, CPT, nutritionist and author of "The Food is My Friend Diet." Typically, you want to include foods from at least three of these groups, says Frechman.
The portion sizes will depend your age, activity, and diet goals, but as a general guideline your "plate" should consist of about 25% protein, 25% carbohydrates, and 50% fruits and/or vegetables, says Frechman.
Frechman emphasizes the importance of eating breakfast, but recommends waiting until you're legitimately hungry to break bread. "If you force yourself to eat at 7 a.m. when you're not hungry, chances are you are going to gain weight."
When you are ready to chow down, here are some healthy breakfast options to make sure you start the day off right.
Eggs
"Eggs are your friends again," says Frechman. Although one large egg contains 212 milligrams of cholesterol — a relatively large amount compared to other foods — it's now known that saturated fat increases "bad" blood cholesterol and not the cholesterol in foods.
One egg carries around 70 calories and packs 6 grams of protein. Before you toss the yolk, remember that the yellowish center is where most of the nutrients are found. The yolk is a good source of lutein, a vitamin also found in spinach and kale that helps prevents eye diseases.
Whole-grain bread, cereal, or oatmeal
"Breakfast happens to be the easiest time to get in heart healthy fiber from whole grain cereal and oats which can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol," says Lisa Moskovitz, RD, CDN, owner of Your New York Dietitians. Fiber keeps us full and gives us energy.
"Always look for at least 5 grams of fiber when choosing breakfast cereals," says Moskovitz. She also says to use any milk with 1% fat or less. "No one over the age of 2 should be drinking higher fat cow's milk."
Another warning: If you're watching your weight, you want to stay away from whole-grain cereals with added sugar because those pack a lot of extra calories.
Peanut butter
There are 8 grams of protein in two tablespoons of peanut butter, which is roughly 20% of the daily recommended amount for adult men and women. "It helps to have protein at every meal to regulate your blood sugar level," says Frechman. "If you were to have pancakes, syrup, and juice, your blood sugar would spike and then crash."
Also, peanut butter mostly contains the "good" unsaturated fat. "I always recommend a nut butter like cashew butter, almond butter, or sunflower butter instead of putting real butter, margarine, or cream cheese on a bagel," says Frechman. Yellowish spreads like margarine are much higher in "bad" saturated fats.
Fruit
Berries, bananas, or melon — take your pick. "There's no such things as an unhealthy fruit," says Frechman. However, you should mix and match your fruit choices to take advantage of a variety of different nutrients. Blueberries, for example, are high in antioxidants while oranges are loaded with vitamin C and potassium.
If you're looking for convenience, Frechman recommends bananas since they're easy to transport and eat without making a mess.
Yogurt
"A breakfast parfait would make a great, very convenient breakfast," says Frechman. A 6-ounce serving yogurt contains as much protein as a serving as meat. Greek yogurt contains even more protein — sometimes double the amount of regular yogurt. If you have diabetes or are watching your calories, plain, non-fat or low-fat yogurt is a healthier choice than fruit-flavored yogurts, which can have a lot of added sugar.
Smoothies
A smoothie makes a complete, on-the-go meal. You can add a base of yogurt for protein and fresh or frozen fruit, like strawberries, for sweetness. If you don't like eating your vegetables with dinner, this blended drink is an easy way to cram greens like spinach or kale into your diet.
Fruit juice
It's completely acceptable to get your fruit in liquid form, but make sure to choose 100% fruit juice, otherwise there could be added sugar. "Punches and fruit drinks have added sugar, which are just extra calories," says Frechman.
Coffee
Coffee has received a bad rap over the years, but long-term medical studies are now tipping in favor of the caffeinated beverage. As long as you're not pushing 4 cups a day, there's nothing wrong with drinking coffee.
Foods to avoid: Bacon, sausage, hash browns, processed cheese, biscuits with gravy, or granola bars
Most of these foods either contain a lot of saturated fat or are high in sugar. They're alright to eat once in a while, but not on a regular basis.
"People tend to think of granola bars as being healthy," says Frechman. "It's cheaper and more healthy to have just a bowl of cereal with milk and fruit."
SEE ALSO: Everything Bad That Happens To Your Body When You Skip Breakfast
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