Welcome, 77 artists, 40 different points of Attica welcomes you by singing Erotokritos an epic romance written at 1713 by Vitsentzos Kornaros
Wednesday, September 25, 2013
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With Angela Merkel's Germany at the helm, Europe will remain a tortoise
Don't expect much more from Merkel and Brussels – but the US and Chinese competition has problems too
So the German people have spoken, and the European Union will continue to be a tortoise. Next May, following elections to the European parliament, we will discover just how slow and unhappy a creature it is. Then, across the next decade, a larger, Aesopian question will be posed: can the European tortoise somehow outrun the American eagle and the Chinese dragon? Or will it at least keep pace with them?
Resounding though Mutti (Mummy) Merkel's election victory was, Germany's new government still has to be formed. In the federal republic, such coalition talks traditionally happen at the pace, and with all the grace, of tortoises mating. Assuming the result is a so-called "grand coalition" with the Social Democrats, there should be a small but desirable adjustment in Germany's policy towards the eurozone.
On Monday, Merkel suggested that there would be no change in her own approach to a southern Europe traumatised by debt, austerity and depression (in both the economic and psychological senses of the word). Referring to the impressive way Germany managed down its own unit labour costs and restored its competitiveness, she said: "What we have done, everyone else can do."
The Social Democrats understand a little better, or perhaps just express more frankly, that the economics of eurozone recovery are not that simple. Some debt burdens are just unsustainable. Improved supply also requires demand. But since the Social Democrats will be the junior partner in this coalition (if that is what emerges), since the results on which they will be judged by voters are primarily domestic, and since most German voters don't want to pay another cent for allegedly feckless southerners, those eurozone policy adjustments will be modest.
At best, the soft underbelly of the European tortoise – a debt and depression-ridden southern Europe – will continue to bleed. At worst, it will haemorrhage, politically as well as economically. As Costas Douzinas noted in the Guardian on Tuesday, the Greek economy has shrunk by 25%, with youth unemployment at around 70% and a growing national debt-to-GDP ratio approaching 175%. In Greece more social misery and political extremism seem inevitable. Elsewhere, in Spain and Ireland for example, painful reforms are beginning to show some slow, uncertain results.
In the German election, the political centre held. In next May's 28-country elections to the European parliament, that is less likely. Representatives of protest parties of all shapes and colours – from Greece's fascist Golden Dawn to Ukip, from the partly post-communist The Left party in Germany (which is back in the Bundestag, unlike the liberal Free Democrats) to Geert Wilders' Freedom party in the Netherlands – might fill those parliamentary seats in Brussels. If this happens, the European parliament will become a glasshouse full of people throwing stones. Yet that fragmentation will also compel the mainstream, pan-European alliances of conservative, liberal and socialist parties to work more closely together, thus producing a kind of implicit grand coalition in the Brussels parliament, as well as (probably) an explicit one in the Berlin one.
At the same time, Merkel will be even more inclined than she is already to run the European show by pragmatic inter-governmental deal-making, whether in the eurozone of 18 states (when Latvia adopts the euro in January) or the EU of 28 (now that Croatia has joined the larger club). But Merkel's problem is that she does not have a strategic partner in either of the EU's other two leading powers.
France's François Hollande is the Little President Who Would – but his country is weakened by its own domestic economic problems and slowness to reform. Britain's David Cameron, with a stable coalition government and a slowly recovering north European free market economy, could in theory be that partner. In practice, his Eurosceptic Conservative party and his own tactical miscalculations have launched him on a foolish course of attempted "renegotiation" of the terms of Britain's membership of the EU. In short, Britain could, but won't; France would, but can't. That leaves Merkel as Europe's single Mutti. She has a few solid medium-sized partners in countries such as Poland, but they alone are not enough.
So there you have the EU for the foreseeable future: a giant, weary tortoise, with chancellor Merkel sitting astride its shell, trying to steer its woozy head and coax its bleeding underbelly across stony ground. Yet before one falls into deepest melancholy, as a European, it's worth taking a leaf out of Aesop's book and looking at the competition – the American eagle and the Chinese dragon. After all, in Aesop's fable, it was as much the hare that lost as it was the tortoise that won.
I'm watching the German and European slow motion spectacle from the United States. But my TV screen is filled with a partisan style of politics that is the diametric opposite of Germany's centrist, consensual, coalition-building democracy. While Berlin's Christian and Social Democrats negotiate their incremental differences, Washington is engulfed in shrieking brinkmanship, like a giant game of "chicken", with Republicans threatening not to lift the country's national debt ceiling unless that ghastly European-style Obamacare can be brought down. There is even talk of a government shutdown in just a few days' time. Imagine that happening in the United States' erstwhile governance pupil, and now exemplar, Germany. While the US private sector is recovering some of its legendary dynamism, it still faces deep problems of imperial and welfare overstretch, and neglected infrastructure.
And rising China? The failure of president Xi Jinping's new administration to show any signs of political reform makes a deeper crisis in that country ever more probable at some point over the next decade. Jamil Anderlini, of the Financial Times, reports a professor at the Party School of the central committee of the Communist party of China saying this: "We just had a seminar with a big group of very influential party members and they were asking us how long we think the party will be in charge and what we have planned when it collapses. To be honest, this is a question that everyone in China is asking but I'm afraid it's very difficult to answer."
In short, the world's three giant economies all have substantial political problems, of strikingly different kinds. Europe's Merkelian tortoise will not gather speed any time soon, but nor is it now likely to take a big fall. Can we say the same of the eagle and the dragon?
Twitter: @fromTGA
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13 Everyday Phrases That Actually Came From Shakespeare
Just the mention of William Shakespeare makes some people cringe. Even I'll admit his writing seems daunting at times.
Whether a fan or not though, you probably use many of Shakespeare's phrases on a regular basis.
Here's a list of 13 popular, albeit strange, sayings The Bard coined. In fact, we say or write some of these so often, they've become clichés.
1. "Green-eyed monster"
Meaning: jealousy.
In "Othello," Iago uses describes jealousy as a monster which devours its source.
"Oh, beware, my lord, of jealousy! It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock The meat it feeds on" (Act 3, Scene 3).
In this case, Iago uses romance as an example. He thinks a man would rather know his wife is cheating than suspect her without proof.
2. "In a pickle"
Meaning: a difficult or uncomfortable situation.
In "The Tempest," King Alonso asks his jester, Trinculo, "How camest thou in this pickle?" (In modern language, "how did you get so drunk?")
The drunk Trinculo responds, "I have been in such a pickle since I saw you last ..." (Act 5, Scene 1).
Trinculo's drinking does cause trouble for him, the way we use the phrase today. Shakespeare's original intent makes sense though. Many pickling processes use alcohol.
3. "The world is your oyster."
Meaning: being in a position to take advantage of life's opportunities.
In "The Merry Wives Of Windsor," Falstaff refuses to lend Pistol any money. Pistol retorts, "Why, then the world's mine oyster, which I with sword will open" (Act 2, Scene 2).
Since Falstaff won't help him financially, Pistol vows to obtain his fortune using violent means.
We've dropped the angry undertones for modern use.
4. "Catch a cold"
Meaning: to get sick.
In "Cymbeline," one of Shakespeare's lesser-known plays, Iachimo says to Posthumus Leonatus, "We will have these things set down by lawful counsel, and straight away for Britain, lest the bargain should catch cold and starve ..." (Act 1, Scene 4).
In other words, if the deal takes too long, it will fall apart. Shakespeare created the idea of "cold" causing illness for the first time.
5. "It's all Greek to me."
Meaning: that something is indistinguishable or incomprehensible.
In "Julius Caesar," when Cassius asks Casca what Cicero said, Casca responds, "But, for mine own part, it was Greek to me" (Act 1, Scene 2).
Cassius didn't understand because he doesn't speak Greek. The phrase has obviously morphed and expanded its meaning.
6. "Love is blind"
Meaning: an inability to see shortcomings in a lover; doing crazy things when in love.
In the "The Merchant Of Venice," Jessica disguises herself as a boy just to see her beloved, Lorenzo. Needless to say, she feels a little silly but simply has to see him.
"But love is blind, and lovers cannot see The pretty follies that themselves commit ..." (Act 2, Scene 6)
7. "Wild goose chase"
Meaning: a hopeless and never-ending pursuit.
In "Romeo and Juliet," Romeo makes a play on words comparing his shoe to his penis, and Mercutio can't compete with Romeo's wit. He tells Romeo to stop joking, but Romeo implores his friend to continue — an impossible feat in Mercutio's mind.
Mercutio says, "Nay, if our wits run the wild-goose chase, I am done, for thou hast more of the wild-goose in one of thy wits than, I am sure, I have in my whole five" (Act 2, Scene 4).
8. "A heart Of gold"
Meaning: a very kind or honorable person.
In "Henry V," King Henry disguises himself as a commoner, and Pistol, unaware of the King's true identity, speaks to him. When the King asks if he considers himself a better man than the king, Pistol says, "The king's a bawcock, and a heart of gold, a lad of life, an imp of fame ..." (Act 4, Scene 1).
9. "Break the ice"
Meaning: to start conversation.
"And if you break the ice, and do this feat, Achieve the elder, set the younger free ..." (Act 1, Scene 2).
In the "The Taming Of The Shrew," Baptista Minola has two daughters: a sassy one and a modest, beautiful one — the younger daughter. He refuses to let any suitors even speak to his younger daughter until his older daughter marries. Tranio (as Lucentio) suggests that another man marry the older daughter, so he can try to win the younger one's affection.
10. "Laughing stock"
Meaning: a person subjected to ridicule.
In "The Merry Wives Of Windsor," Doctor Caius says to Sir Hugh Evans:
"Pray you let us not be laughing-stocks to other men's humours; I desire you in friendship, and I will one way or other make you amends" (Act 3, Scene 1).
Here, Doctor Caius thinks the two will make fools of themselves if they fight — exactly what people want and expect. They should end the conflict and save their reputations instead.
11. "Wear your heart on your sleeve"
Meaning: to express your emotions openly, especially when others notice without much effort.
In "Othello," Iago says he'll "wear my heart upon my sleeve. For daws to peck at: I am not what I am" (Act 1, Scene 1).
The phrase most likely stemmed from jousting matches in the Middle Ages. Knights would wear tokens (such as scarfs) from their ladies tucked into the sleeves of their armor. But the first recorded use appears in Shakespeare's play.
12. "Dogs of war"
Meaning: soldiers; the brutalities that accompany war.
In "Julius Caesar," Mark Antony says to Brutus and Cassius, "Cry “Havoc!” and let slip the dogs of war ..." (Act 3, Scene 1) shortly after Caesar's assassination.
Here, Mark Antony predicts that Caesar's ghost will come back, with help from the goddess of vengeance, to start a massive war in Italy.
He continues, "This foul deed will stink up to the sky with men’s corpses, which will beg to be buried" (Act 3, Scene 1).
Thus, the phrase today carries a serious connotation.
13. "Method to his madness"
Meaning: Someone's strange behavior has a purpose.
In "Hamlet" Polonius says as an aside, "Though this be madness, yet there is method in’t" (Act 2, Scene 2).
In the previous scene, Hamlet just read a letter and criticized its author for being rude. But Polonius knows something that Hamlet doesn't and understands the "method" behind the author's "madness."
SEE ALSO: 12 Famous Quotes That People Always Get Wrong
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Europe falling behind in digital era
The EU launched today its Opening up Education initiative, the Commission's response to the opportunities of the digital era in the field of education.
"Digital technology and content has improved, and countries around the world, from the US to Asia, are starting to reap the benefits out of it, Europe is falling behind," Commissioner Neely Kroes, responsible for Europe's Digital Agenda said."It’s not just the way we teach and learn that is changing. It’s also the specific skills people need to get good jobs in the growing digital economy."
More than six out of ten 9 year olds are missing the digital equipment and fast broadband they need at school, not enough teachers are confident about using ICT technology in the classroom and some countries, like Greece and Croatia, fewer than half of pupils have internet at school, Kroes pointed out.
Opening up Education is "about becoming more open and flexible, so that pupils and students get the start in life they need, and adult learners get the chance to join this digital movement," Kroes said.
Opening up Europe aims to strengthen the integration of digital technologies and contents in formal, non-formal and informal education and training, in order to ensure the provision of skills needed by the current and future generations of European students and workers, and increase efficiency of the delivery of education and training in the EU.
"Let's be clear: it is not enough to bring a few computers in our schools. We need to provide a comprehensive response," Androula Vassiliou, Commissioner responsible for Education said.
"We are focusing on 3 drivers of change: teaching methods, digital content, and infrastructures."
The initiative will focus on improving and updating digital infrastructures for education and training, including connectivity, up-scaling the creation, use, re-use and sharing of quality digital education contents, including Open Educational Resources, and modernising learning, teaching and assessment practices through digital technologies and increase equity.
To address the content arm of this equation, the Commissioners launched the first of their Opening up Europe projects, the Open Education Europa web portal.
This will provide an online meeting place where students, practitioners and educational institutions can access and share open educational resources.
"Open Educational Resources will increase the economic efficiency of education and training and lead to the development of new teaching and learning practices, which will improve the quality of education throughout Europe," Vassiliou said.
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